Let me say first of all what a privilege it was to have been
invited to participate in the panel discussion at Southern Seminary a couple of
weeks ago. I count all the men on that stage as friends—some of them long
and deep friendships, others new and deepening. Whatever else we talked
about there, the most important fact is that we are all men who are
deeply in love with Christ’s church and have given our lives, in one way or
another, to serve her. We may disagree on the multi-site issue, but there’s
a mountain of agreement and respect under that.
I know I’m a little late in posting this—life calls, ya
know?—but I think it would be useful to lay out in more detail the case I was able
to make only very briefly, and really only as a bald assertion, during the SBTS
panel. That is, there is no example in
Scripture, either in Acts or anywhere else, of a multi-site church as we think
about that today. Whatever the size,
whatever the circumstances, they seem to have met together, and you have to do
quite a bit of speculation to get to any other conclusion.
I realize that for some people, it won’t change much in their thinking even if
it becomes really clear to them that the NT church met together. There’s a real debate going on, apparently—even
among Baptists, of all people—about whether the example of the NT is prescriptive
for us. I think it is prescriptive, and
I think that’s an incredibly important point, but I’m not going to argue it here.
This post is for those many Baptists who agree with me that we should take the NT example as prescriptive, but who
are perhaps set on their heels a bit by the argument that it would have been impossible for “the church” in Jerusalem to meet in one
place because they were just too large. I’ve
heard that argument many times, but as I read the book of Acts and the rest of
the NT, I just don’t buy it. The natural
way of reading the story in Acts is that each church met together in one place,
and there’s not a single instance (as least as far as I can see) where that
doesn’t seem to be the case. Take a
look:
1) In Acts 2:41, “about three thousand souls” became
Christians and therefore a part of the church.
It’s often asserted that there was no place in Jerusalem large enough to hold that many
people on a regular basis. Acts 2:46
disagrees: “Every day they continued to
meet together in the temple courts.”
Whatever else we might say about the number of people or the meeting
space in Jerusalem, or other meetings in houses, the Bible says they—the whole
lot of them—“met together.”
2) Acts 4:4 says that “the number of men grew to about five
thousand.” It’s often said that we
really ought to understand this as more like twenty-thousand, since the
five-thousand is only explicitly “men.”
Maybe; you have to do quite a bit of two-thousand-year-old crowd
estimation there, which would seem to be a tricky task. But regardless of what number you finally come
up with—5000, 10000, 20000—5:12 is about as explicit as it could be: “And all the believers used to meet together
in Solomon’s Colonnade.” All of them. Met together.
3) In 6:2, the apostles somehow manage to “gather all the
disciples together” in order to take care of the food distribution problem. Gathered.
All of them. Together.
4) In 8:1, the church in Jerusalem is scattered by the
persecution. That apparently makes for
much smaller assemblies, but regardless, even in Antioch where the church was made up of “great
numbers of people,” (11:21, 26) Paul and Barnabas were able to “gather the
church together” somewhere, somehow (14:27; also 15:30).
5) 9:31 is admittedly strange—the only place in Scripture
where “church” seems to be used for something other than a local assembly or the
universal church. I think there are a
couple of options here. A) It could be
referring to the one church of Jerusalem, now scattered throughout Judea and Samaria by the
persecution. If so, it’s a one-off, and
it never happens again. Or B) It could
be a use of the word “church” similar to our usage, “the church in China.” We do not mean that there’s a single
institution in China; we
just mean “the churches, considered as a whole, in China.” I go for Option B, personally. But here’s the important thing: What we do
not see in 9:31, no matter how you slice it, is a “church” of Judea and Samaria made up of
multiple little non-churches. Even if
the word is, just this once, blanketing multiple little assemblies with the
word “church” (as we do with China, for instance), every one of those little
assemblies is itself a “church,” not a campus, a site, or any other such thing.
6) This is just an observation, and I haven’t looked at it
exhaustively, but the apostle Paul seems to have been pretty careful about all
this in how he addresses his letters. Take Romans, for instance. We know from Romans 16 that there are
multiple churches in Rome which are meeting in
various houses, and Paul, who often addresses his letters “to the church” in a
certain city, does not do so here: “To
all in Rome who
are loved by God and called to be saints,” he says (1:7). Same thing with Colossae,
which also probably had multiple congregations (think about the letter to
Philemon): “To the holy and faithful
brothers in Christ at Colossae.” But in his letters to Corinth,
which obviously had only one church (see Romans 16:23), he doesn’t
hesitate: “To the church
of God in Corinth.”
The point of all this is simply to say that the unbroken example of the NT seems to be that each church met together in one place. That was true after the scattering, when churches were smaller, and it was true before the scattering, too, when the church in Jerusalem was enormous.
To get to a multi-site church, then, I think you'd have to do one of two things: Either show that the NT pattern isn't what I'm seeing here, or say that the NT's example isn't prescriptive. Over to you....